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| Features * High Performance, Low Power AVR(R) 8-Bit Microcontroller * Advanced RISC Architecture - 131 Powerful Instructions - Most Single Clock Cycle Execution - 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers - Fully Static Operation - Up to 20 MIPS Throughput at 20 MHz - On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier Non-volatile Program and Data Memories - 4/8/16K Bytes of In-System Self-Programmable Flash (ATmega48/88/168) Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles - Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program True Read-While-Write Operation - 256/512/512 Bytes EEPROM (ATmega48/88/168) Endurance: 100,000 Write/Erase Cycles - 512/1K/1K Byte Internal SRAM (ATmega48/88/168) - Programming Lock for Software Security Peripheral Features - Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescaler and Compare Mode - One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler, Compare Mode, and Capture Mode - Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator - Six PWM Channels - 8-channel 10-bit ADC in TQFP and MLF package - 6-channel 10-bit ADC in PDIP Package - Programmable Serial USART - Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface - Byte-oriented 2-wire Serial Interface - Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator - On-chip Analog Comparator - Interrupt and Wake-up on Pin Change Special Microcontroller Features - Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection - Internal Calibrated Oscillator - External and Internal Interrupt Sources - Five Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down, and Standby I/O and Packages - 23 Programmable I/O Lines - 28-pin PDIP, 32-lead TQFP and 32-pad MLF Operating Voltage: - 1.8 - 5.5V for ATmega48V/88V/168V - 2.7 - 5.5V for ATmega48/88/168 Temperature Range: - -40C to 85C Speed Grade: - ATmega48V/88V/168V: 0 - 4 MHz @ 1.8 - 5.5V, 0 - 10 MHz @ 2.7 - 5.5V - ATmega48/88/168: 0 - 10 MHz @ 2.7 - 5.5V, 0 - 20 MHz @ 4.5 - 5.5V Low Power Consumption - Active Mode: 1 MHz, 1.8V: 240A 32 kHz, 1.8V: 15A (including Oscillator) - Power-down Mode: 0.1A at 1.8V * * 8-bit Microcontroller with 8K Bytes In-System Programmable Flash ATmega48/V ATmega88/V ATmega168/V Preliminary Summary * * * * * * 2545DS-AVR-07/04 Note: This is a summary document. A complete document is available on our Web site at www.atmel.com. Pin Configurations Figure 1. Pinout ATmega48/88/168 PDIP (PCINT14/RESET) PC6 (PCINT16/RXD) PD0 (PCINT17/TXD) PD1 (PCINT18/INT0) PD2 (PCINT19/OC2B/INT1) PD3 (PCINT20/XCK/T0) PD4 VCC GND (PCINT6/XTAL1/TOSC1) PB6 (PCINT7/XTAL2/TOSC2) PB7 (PCINT21/OC0B/T1) PD5 (PCINT22/OC0A/AIN0) PD6 (PCINT23/AIN1) PD7 (PCINT0/CLKO/ICP1) PB0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 PC5 (ADC5/SCL/PCINT13) PC4 (ADC4/SDA/PCINT12) PC3 (ADC3/PCINT11) PC2 (ADC2/PCINT10) PC1 (ADC1/PCINT9) PC0 (ADC0/PCINT8) GND AREF AVCC PB5 (SCK/PCINT5) PB4 (MISO/PCINT4) PB3 (MOSI/OC2A/PCINT3) PB2 (SS/OC1B/PCINT2) PB1 (OC1A/PCINT1) TQFP Top View PD2 (INT0/PCINT18) PD1 (TXD/PCINT17) PD0 (RXD/PCINT16) PC6 (RESET/PCINT14) PC5 (ADC5/SCL/PCINT13) PC4 (ADC4/SDA/PCINT12) PC3 (ADC3/PCINT11) PC2 (ADC2/PCINT10) MLF Top View PD2 (INT0/PCINT18) PD1 (TXD/PCINT17) PD0 (RXD/PCINT16) PC6 (RESET/PCINT14) PC5 (ADC5/SCL/PCINT13) PC4 (ADC4/SDA/PCINT12) PC3 (ADC3/PCINT11) PC2 (ADC2/PCINT10) 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 (PCINT19/OC2B/INT1) PD3 (PCINT20/XCK/T0) PD4 GND VCC GND VCC (PCINT6/XTAL1/TOSC1) PB6 (PCINT7/XTAL2/TOSC2) PB7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 PC1 (ADC1/PCINT9) PC0 (ADC0/PCINT8) ADC7 GND AREF ADC6 AVCC PB5 (SCK/PCINT5) (PCINT19/OC2B/INT1) PD3 (PCINT20/XCK/T0) PD4 GND VCC GND VCC (PCINT6/XTAL1/TOSC1) PB6 (PCINT7/XTAL2/TOSC2) PB7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 PC1 (ADC1/PCINT9) PC0 (ADC0/PCINT8) ADC7 GND AREF ADC6 AVCC PB5 (SCK/PCINT5) (PCINT21/OC0B/T1) PD5 (PCINT22/OC0A/AIN0) PD6 (PCINT23/AIN1) PD7 (PCINT0/CLKO/ICP1) PB0 (PCINT1/OC1A) PB1 (PCINT2/SS/OC1B) PB2 (PCINT3/OC2A/MOSI) PB3 (PCINT4/MISO) PB4 NOTE: Bottom pad should be soldered to ground. Disclaimer Typical values contained in this datasheet are based on simulations and characterization of other AVR microcontrollers manufactured on the same process technology. Min and Max values will be available after the device is characterized. 2 ATmega48/88/168 2545DS-AVR-07/04 (PCINT21/OC0B/T1) PD5 (PCINT22/OC0A/AIN0) PD6 (PCINT23/AIN1) PD7 (PCINT0/CLKO/ICP1) PB0 (PCINT1/OC1A) PB1 (PCINT2/SS/OC1B) PB2 (PCINT3/OC2A/MOSI) PB3 (PCINT4/MISO) PB4 ATmega48/88/168 Overview The ATmega48/88/168 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega48/88/168 achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed. Figure 2. Block Diagram GND VCC Block Diagram Watchdog Timer Watchdog Oscillator Power Supervision POR / BOD & RESET debugWIRE PROGRAM LOGIC Oscillator Circuits / Clock Generation Flash SRAM CPU EEPROM AVCC AREF GND 8bit T/C 0 16bit T/C 1 A/D Conv. 2 DATABUS 8bit T/C 2 Analog Comp. Internal Bandgap 6 USART 0 SPI TWI PORT D (8) PORT B (8) PORT C (7) RESET XTAL[1..2] PD[0..7] PB[0..7] PC[0..6] ADC[6..7] 3 2545DS-AVR-07/04 The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose working registers. All the 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), allowing two independent registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in one clock cycle. The resulting architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers. The ATmega48/88/168 provides the following features: 4K/8K/16K bytes of In-System Programmable Flash with Read-While-Write capabilities, 256/512/512 bytes EEPROM, 512/1K/1K bytes SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, three flexible Timer/Counters with compare modes, internal and external interrupts, a serial programmable USART, a byte-oriented 2-wire Serial Interface, an SPI serial port, a 6-channel 10-bit ADC (8 channels in TQFP and MLF packages), a programmable Watchdog Timer with internal Oscillator, and five software selectable power saving modes. The Idle mode stops the CPU while allowing the SRAM, Timer/Counters, USART, 2-wire Serial Interface, SPI port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the register contents but freezes the Oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset. In Power-save mode, the asynchronous timer continues to run, allowing the user to maintain a timer base while the rest of the device is sleeping. The ADC Noise Reduction mode stops the CPU and all I/O modules except asynchronous timer and ADC, to minimize switching noise during ADC conversions. In Standby mode, the crystal/resonator Oscillator is running while the rest of the device is sleeping. This allows very fast start-up combined with low power consumption. The device is manufactured using Atmel's high density non-volatile memory technology. The On-chip ISP Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed In-System through an SPI serial interface, by a conventional non-volatile memory programmer, or by an On-chip Boot program running on the AVR core. The Boot program can use any interface to download the application program in the Application Flash memory. Software in the Boot Flash section will continue to run while the Application Flash section is updated, providing true Read-While-Write operation. By combining an 8-bit RISC CPU with In-System Self-Program mable Flash on a monolithic ch ip, the Atmel ATmega48/88/168 is a powerful microcontroller that provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications. The ATmega48/88/168 AVR is supported with a full suite of program and system development tools including: C Compilers, Macro Assemblers, Program Debugger/Simulators, In-Circuit Emulators, and Evaluation kits. Comparison Between ATmega48, ATmega88, and ATmega168 The ATmega48, ATmega88 and ATmega168 differ only in memory sizes, boot loader support, and interrupt vector sizes. Table 1 summarizes the different memory and interrupt vector sizes for the three devices. Table 1. Memory Size Summary Device ATmega48 ATmega88 ATmega168 Flash 4K Bytes 8K Bytes 16K Bytes EEPROM 256 Bytes 512 Bytes 512 Bytes RAM 512 Bytes 1K Bytes 1K Bytes Interrupt Vector Size 1 instruction word/vector 1 instruction word/vector 2 instruction words/vector ATmega88 and ATmega168 support a real Read-While-Write Self-Programming mechanism. There is a separate Boot Loader Section, and the SPM instruction can only execute from there. In ATmega48, there is no Read-While-Write support and no separate Boot Loader Section. The SPM instruction can execute from the entire Flash. 4 ATmega48/88/168 2545DS-AVR-07/04 ATmega48/88/168 Pin Descriptions VCC GND Port B (PB7..0) XTAL1/ XTAL2/TOSC1/TOSC2 Digital supply voltage. Ground. Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port B output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. Depending on the clock selection fuse settings, PB6 can be used as input to the inverting Oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit. Depending on the clock selection fuse settings, PB7 can be used as output from the inverting Oscillator amplifier. If the Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator is used as chip clock source, PB7..6 is used as TOSC2..1 input for the Asynchronous Timer/Counter2 if the AS2 bit in ASSR is set. The various special features of Port B are elaborated in "Alternate Functions of Port B" on page 69 and "System Clock and Clock Options" on page 24. Port C (PC5..0) Port C is a 7-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The PC5..0 output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port C pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. If the RSTDISBL Fuse is programmed, PC6 is used as an I/O pin. Note that the electrical characteristics of PC6 differ from those of the other pins of Port C. If the RSTDISBL Fuse is unprogrammed, PC6 is used as a Reset input. A low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a Reset, even if the clock is not running. The minimum pulse length is given in Table 20 on page 41. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate a Reset. The various special features of Port C are elaborated in "Alternate Functions of Port C" on page 73. Port D (PD7..0) Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port D output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port D pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port D pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. The various special features of Port D are elaborated in "Alternate Functions of Port D" on page 75. AVCC AVCC is the supply voltage pin for the A/D Converter, PC3..0, and ADC7..6. It should be externally connected to VCC, even if the ADC is not used. If the ADC is used, it should be connected to VCC through a low-pass filter. Note that PC6..4 use digital supply voltage, VCC. AREF is the analog reference pin for the A/D Converter. PC6/RESET AREF 5 2545DS-AVR-07/04 ADC7..6 In the TQFP and MLF package, ADC7..6 serve as analog inputs to the A/D converter. (TQFP and MLF Package Only) These pins are powered from the analog supply and serve as 10-bit ADC channels. 6 ATmega48/88/168 2545DS-AVR-07/04 ATmega48/88/168 Register Summary Address (0xFF) (0xFE) (0xFD) (0xFC) (0xFB) (0xFA) (0xF9) (0xF8) (0xF7) (0xF6) (0xF5) (0xF4) (0xF3) (0xF2) (0xF1) (0xF0) (0xEF) (0xEE) (0xED) (0xEC) (0xEB) (0xEA) (0xE9) (0xE8) (0xE7) (0xE6) (0xE5) (0xE4) (0xE3) (0xE2) (0xE1) (0xE0) (0xDF) (0xDE) (0xDD) (0xDC) (0xDB) (0xDA) (0xD9) (0xD8) (0xD7) (0xD6) (0xD5) (0xD4) (0xD3) (0xD2) (0xD1) (0xD0) (0xCF) (0xCE) (0xCD) (0xCC) (0xCB) (0xCA) (0xC9) (0xC8) (0xC7) (0xC6) (0xC5) (0xC4) (0xC3) (0xC2) (0xC1) (0xC0) Name Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved UDR0 UBRR0H UBRR0L Reserved UCSR0C UCSR0B UCSR0A Bit 7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bit 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bit 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bit 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bit 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bit 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bit 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bit 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Page USART I/O Data Register USART Baud Rate Register High USART Baud Rate Register Low - UMSEL01 RXCIE0 RXC0 - UMSEL00 TXCIE0 TXC0 - UPM01 UDRIE0 UDRE0 - UPM00 RXEN0 FE0 - USBS0 TXEN0 DOR0 - UCSZ01 /UDORD0 180 184 184 - UCSZ00 / UCPHA0 - UCPOL0 TXB80 MPCM0 183/196 182 180 UCSZ02 UPE0 RXB80 U2X0 7 2545DS-AVR-07/04 Address (0xBF) (0xBE) (0xBD) (0xBC) (0xBB) (0xBA) (0xB9) (0xB8) (0xB7) (0xB6) (0xB5) (0xB4) (0xB3) (0xB2) (0xB1) (0xB0) (0xAF) (0xAE) (0xAD) (0xAC) (0xAB) (0xAA) (0xA9) (0xA8) (0xA7) (0xA6) (0xA5) (0xA4) (0xA3) (0xA2) (0xA1) (0xA0) (0x9F) (0x9E) (0x9D) (0x9C) (0x9B) (0x9A) (0x99) (0x98) (0x97) (0x96) (0x95) (0x94) (0x93) (0x92) (0x91) (0x90) (0x8F) (0x8E) (0x8D) (0x8C) (0x8B) (0x8A) (0x89) (0x88) (0x87) (0x86) (0x85) (0x84) (0x83) (0x82) (0x81) (0x80) (0x7F) (0x7E) Name Reserved Reserved TWAMR TWCR TWDR TWAR TWSR TWBR Reserved ASSR Reserved OCR2B OCR2A TCNT2 TCCR2B TCCR2A Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved OCR1BH OCR1BL OCR1AH OCR1AL ICR1H ICR1L TCNT1H TCNT1L Reserved TCCR1C TCCR1B TCCR1A DIDR1 DIDR0 Bit 7 - - TWAM6 TWINT TWA6 TWS7 - - - Bit 6 - - TWAM5 TWEA TWA5 TWS6 Bit 5 - - TWAM4 TWSTA TWA4 TWS5 - Bit 4 - - TWAM3 TWSTO TWA3 TWS4 - TCN2UB - Bit 3 - - TWAM2 TWWC TWA2 TWS3 - OCR2AUB - Bit 2 - - TWAM1 TWEN TWA1 - - OCR2BUB - Bit 1 - - TWAM0 - TWA0 TWPS1 - TCR2AUB - Bit 0 - - - TWIE TWGCE TWPS0 - TCR2BUB - Page 209 206 208 208 207 206 150 147 147 147 146 143 2-wire Serial Interface Data Register 2-wire Serial Interface Bit Rate Register EXCLK - AS2 - Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Register B Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Register A Timer/Counter2 (8-bit) FOC2A COM2A1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FOC2B COM2A0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - COM2B1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - COM2B0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - WGM22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CS22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CS21 WGM21 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CS20 WGM20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Timer/Counter1 - Output Compare Register B High Byte Timer/Counter1 - Output Compare Register B Low Byte Timer/Counter1 - Output Compare Register A High Byte Timer/Counter1 - Output Compare Register A Low Byte Timer/Counter1 - Input Capture Register High Byte Timer/Counter1 - Input Capture Register Low Byte Timer/Counter1 - Counter Register High Byte Timer/Counter1 - Counter Register Low Byte - FOC1A ICNC1 COM1A1 - - - FOC1B ICES1 COM1A0 - - - - - COM1B1 - ADC5D - - WGM13 COM1B0 - ADC4D - - WGM12 - - ADC3D - - CS12 - - ADC2D - - CS11 WGM11 AIN1D ADC1D - - CS10 WGM10 AIN0D ADC0D 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 128 127 125 230 245 8 ATmega48/88/168 2545DS-AVR-07/04 ATmega48/88/168 Address (0x7D) (0x7C) (0x7B) (0x7A) (0x79) (0x78) (0x77) (0x76) (0x75) (0x74) (0x73) (0x72) (0x71) (0x70) (0x6F) (0x6E) (0x6D) (0x6C) (0x6B) (0x6A) (0x69) (0x68) (0x67) (0x66) (0x65) (0x64) (0x63) (0x62) (0x61) (0x60) 0x3F (0x5F) 0x3E (0x5E) 0x3D (0x5D) 0x3C (0x5C) 0x3B (0x5B) 0x3A (0x5A) 0x39 (0x59) 0x38 (0x58) 0x37 (0x57) 0x36 (0x56) 0x35 (0x55) 0x34 (0x54) 0x33 (0x53) 0x32 (0x52) 0x31 (0x51) 0x30 (0x50) 0x2F (0x4F) 0x2E (0x4E) 0x2D (0x4D) 0x2C (0x4C) 0x2B (0x4B) 0x2A (0x4A) 0x29 (0x49) 0x28 (0x48) 0x27 (0x47) 0x26 (0x46) 0x25 (0x45) 0x24 (0x44) 0x23 (0x43) 0x22 (0x42) 0x21 (0x41) 0x20 (0x40) 0x1F (0x3F) 0x1E (0x3E) 0x1D (0x3D) 0x1C (0x3C) Name Reserved ADMUX ADCSRB ADCSRA ADCH ADCL Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved TIMSK2 TIMSK1 TIMSK0 PCMSK2 PCMSK1 PCMSK0 Reserved EICRA PCICR Reserved OSCCAL Reserved PRR Reserved Reserved CLKPR WDTCSR SREG SPH SPL Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved SPMCSR Reserved MCUCR MCUSR SMCR Reserved Reserved ACSR Reserved SPDR SPSR SPCR GPIOR2 GPIOR1 Reserved OCR0B OCR0A TCNT0 TCCR0B TCCR0A GTCCR EEARH EEARL EEDR EECR GPIOR0 EIMSK EIFR Bit 7 - REFS1 - ADEN Bit 6 - REFS0 ACME ADSC Bit 5 - ADLAR - ADATE Bit 4 - - - ADIF Bit 3 - MUX3 - ADIE Bit 2 - MUX2 ADTS2 ADPS2 Bit 1 - MUX1 ADTS1 ADPS1 Bit 0 - MUX0 ADTS0 ADPS0 Page 241 244 242 244 244 ADC Data Register High byte ADC Data Register Low byte - - - - - - - - - - PCINT23 - PCINT7 - - - - - PRTWI - - CLKPCE WDIF I - SP7 - - - - - SPMIE - - - - - - ACD - SPIF SPIE - - - - - - - - - - PCINT22 PCINT14 PCINT6 - - - - - PRTIM2 - - - WDIE T - SP6 - - - - - (RWWSB)5. - - - - - - ACBG - WCOL SPE - - - - - - - - ICIE1 - PCINT21 PCINT13 PCINT5 - - - - - PRTIM0 - - - WDP3 H - SP5 - - - - - - - - - - - - ACO - - DORD - - - - - - - - - - PCINT20 PCINT12 PCINT4 - - - - - - - - - WDCE S - SP4 - - - - - (RWWSRE)5. - PUD - - - - ACI - - MSTR - - - - - - - - - - PCINT19 PCINT11 PCINT3 - ISC11 - - - PRTIM1 - - CLKPS3 WDE V - SP3 - - - - - BLBSET - - WDRF SM2 - - ACIE - SPI Data Register - CPOL - CPHA - SPR1 SPI2X SPR0 - - - - - - - OCIE2B OCIE1B OCIE0B PCINT18 PCINT10 PCINT2 - ISC10 PCIE2 - - PRSPI - - CLKPS2 WDP2 N (SP10) 5. SP2 - - - - - PGWRT - - BORF SM1 - - ACIC - - - - - - - - OCIE2A OCIE1A OCIE0A PCINT17 PCINT9 PCINT1 - ISC01 PCIE1 - - PRUSART0 - - CLKPS1 WDP1 Z SP9 SP1 - - - - - PGERS - IVSEL EXTRF SM0 - - ACIS1 - - - - - - - - TOIE2 TOIE1 TOIE0 PCINT16 PCINT8 PCINT0 - ISC00 PCIE0 - 148 130 100 83 83 84 80 Oscillator Calibration Register - PRADC - - CLKPS0 WDP0 C SP8 SP0 - - - - - SELFPRGEN - IVCE PORF SE - - ACIS0 - 30 37 33 49 9 11 11 260 35 228 160 160 158 23 23 General Purpose I/O Register 2 General Purpose I/O Register 1 - - - - - - - - Timer/Counter0 Output Compare Register B Timer/Counter0 Output Compare Register A Timer/Counter0 (8-bit) FOC0A COM0A1 TSM FOC0B COM0A0 - - COM0B1 - - COM0B0 - WGM02 - - CS02 - - CS01 WGM01 PSRASY CS00 WGM00 PSRSYNC 103/152 18 18 18 (EEPROM Address Register High Byte) 5. EEPROM Address Register Low Byte EEPROM Data Register - - - - - - EEPM1 - - EEPM0 - - EERIE - - EEMPE - - EEPE INT1 INTF1 EERE INT0 INTF0 General Purpose I/O Register 0 18 23 81 82 9 2545DS-AVR-07/04 Address 0x1B (0x3B) 0x1A (0x3A) 0x19 (0x39) 0x18 (0x38) 0x17 (0x37) 0x16 (0x36) 0x15 (0x35) 0x14 (0x34) 0x13 (0x33) 0x12 (0x32) 0x11 (0x31) 0x10 (0x30) 0x0F (0x2F) 0x0E (0x2E) 0x0D (0x2D) 0x0C (0x2C) 0x0B (0x2B) 0x0A (0x2A) 0x09 (0x29) 0x08 (0x28) 0x07 (0x27) 0x06 (0x26) 0x05 (0x25) 0x04 (0x24) 0x03 (0x23) 0x02 (0x22) 0x01 (0x21) 0x0 (0x20) Name PCIFR Reserved Reserved Reserved TIFR2 TIFR1 TIFR0 Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved PORTD DDRD PIND PORTC DDRC PINC PORTB DDRB PINB Reserved Reserved Reserved Bit 7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PORTD7 DDD7 PIND7 - - - PORTB7 DDB7 PINB7 - - - Bit 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PORTD6 DDD6 PIND6 PORTC6 DDC6 PINC6 PORTB6 DDB6 PINB6 - - - Bit 5 - - - - - ICF1 - - - - - - - - - - PORTD5 DDD5 PIND5 PORTC5 DDC5 PINC5 PORTB5 DDB5 PINB5 - - - Bit 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PORTD4 DDD4 PIND4 PORTC4 DDC4 PINC4 PORTB4 DDB4 PINB4 - - - Bit 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PORTD3 DDD3 PIND3 PORTC3 DDC3 PINC3 PORTB3 DDB3 PINB3 - - - Bit 2 PCIF2 - - - OCF2B OCF1B OCF0B - - - - - - - - - PORTD2 DDD2 PIND2 PORTC2 DDC2 PINC2 PORTB2 DDB2 PINB2 - - - Bit 1 PCIF1 - - - OCF2A OCF1A OCF0A - - - - - - - - - PORTD1 DDD1 PIND1 PORTC1 DDC1 PINC1 PORTB1 DDB1 PINB1 - - - Bit 0 PCIF0 - - - TOV2 TOV1 TOV0 - - - - - - - - - PORTD0 DDD0 PIND0 PORTC0 DDC0 PINC0 PORTB0 DDB0 PINB0 - - - Page 148 130 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 Note: 1. For compatibility with future devices, reserved bits should be written to zero if accessed. Reserved I/O memory addresses should never be written. 2. I/O Registers within the address range 0x00 - 0x1F are directly bit-accessible using the SBI and CBI instructions. In these registers, the value of single bits can be checked by using the SBIS and SBIC instructions. 3. Some of the Status Flags are cleared by writing a logical one to them. Note that, unlike most other AVRs, the CBI and SBI instructions will only operate on the specified bit, and can therefore be used on registers containing such Status Flags. The CBI and SBI instructions work with registers 0x00 to 0x1F only. 4. When using the I/O specific commands IN and OUT, the I/O addresses 0x00 - 0x3F must be used. When addressing I/O Registers as data space using LD and ST instructions, 0x20 must be added to these addresses. The ATmega48/88/168 is a complex microcontroller with more peripheral units than can be supported within the 64 location reserved in Opcode for the IN and OUT instructions. For the Extended I/O space from 0x60 - 0xFF in SRAM, only the ST/STS/STD and LD/LDS/LDD instructions can be used. 5. Only valid for ATmega88/168. 10 ATmega48/88/168 2545DS-AVR-07/04 ATmega48/88/168 Instruction Set Summary Mnemonics ADD ADC ADIW SUB SUBI SBC SBCI SBIW AND ANDI OR ORI EOR COM NEG SBR CBR INC DEC TST CLR SER MUL MULS MULSU FMUL FMULS FMULSU RJMP IJMP JMP(1) RCALL ICALL CALL(1) RET RETI CPSE CP CPC CPI SBRC SBRS SBIC SBIS BRBS BRBC BREQ BRNE BRCS BRCC BRSH BRLO BRMI BRPL BRGE BRLT BRHS BRHC BRTS BRTC BRVS BRVC Rd,Rr Rd,Rr Rd,Rr Rd,K Rr, b Rr, b P, b P, b s, k s, k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k Operands Rd, Rr Rd, Rr Rdl,K Rd, Rr Rd, K Rd, Rr Rd, K Rdl,K Rd, Rr Rd, K Rd, Rr Rd, K Rd, Rr Rd Rd Rd,K Rd,K Rd Rd Rd Rd Rd Rd, Rr Rd, Rr Rd, Rr Rd, Rr Rd, Rr Rd, Rr k Add two Registers Description Rd Rd + Rr Operation Flags Z,C,N,V,H Z,C,N,V,H Z,C,N,V,S Z,C,N,V,H Z,C,N,V,H Z,C,N,V,H Z,C,N,V,H Z,C,N,V,S Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,C,N,V Z,C,N,V,H Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,N,V None Z,C Z,C Z,C Z,C Z,C Z,C None None None None None None None I None Z, N,V,C,H Z, N,V,C,H Z, N,V,C,H None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None #Clocks 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1/2/3 1 1 1 1/2/3 1/2/3 1/2/3 1/2/3 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC INSTRUCTIONS Add with Carry two Registers Add Immediate to Word Subtract two Registers Subtract Constant from Register Subtract with Carry two Registers Subtract with Carry Constant from Reg. Subtract Immediate from Word Logical AND Registers Logical AND Register and Constant Logical OR Registers Logical OR Register and Constant Exclusive OR Registers One's Complement Two's Complement Set Bit(s) in Register Clear Bit(s) in Register Increment Decrement Test for Zero or Minus Clear Register Set Register Multiply Unsigned Multiply Signed Multiply Signed with Unsigned Fractional Multiply Unsigned Fractional Multiply Signed Fractional Multiply Signed with Unsigned Relative Jump Indirect Jump to (Z) Direct Jump Relative Subroutine Call Indirect Call to (Z) Direct Subroutine Call Subroutine Return Interrupt Return Compare, Skip if Equal Compare Compare with Carry Compare Register with Immediate Skip if Bit in Register Cleared Skip if Bit in Register is Set Skip if Bit in I/O Register Cleared Skip if Bit in I/O Register is Set Branch if Status Flag Set Branch if Status Flag Cleared Branch if Equal Branch if Not Equal Branch if Carry Set Branch if Carry Cleared Branch if Same or Higher Branch if Lower Branch if Minus Branch if Plus Branch if Greater or Equal, Signed Branch if Less Than Zero, Signed Branch if Half Carry Flag Set Branch if Half Carry Flag Cleared Branch if T Flag Set Branch if T Flag Cleared Branch if Overflow Flag is Set Branch if Overflow Flag is Cleared Rd Rd + Rr + C Rdh:Rdl Rdh:Rdl + K Rd Rd - Rr Rd Rd - K Rd Rd - Rr - C Rd Rd - K - C Rdh:Rdl Rdh:Rdl - K Rd Rd * Rr Rd Rd * K Rd Rd v Rr Rd Rd v K Rd Rd Rr Rd 0xFF - Rd Rd 0x00 - Rd Rd Rd v K Rd Rd * (0xFF - K) Rd Rd + 1 Rd Rd - 1 Rd Rd * Rd Rd Rd Rd Rd 0xFF R1:R0 Rd x Rr R1:R0 Rd x Rr R1:R0 Rd x Rr 1 R1:R0 (Rd x Rr) << 1 R1:R0 (Rd x Rr) << 1 PC PC + k + 1 PC Z PC k PC PC + k + 1 PC Z PC k PC STACK PC STACK if (Rd = Rr) PC PC + 2 or 3 Rd - Rr Rd - Rr - C Rd - K if (Rr(b)=0) PC PC + 2 or 3 if (Rr(b)=1) PC PC + 2 or 3 if (P(b)=0) PC PC + 2 or 3 if (P(b)=1) PC PC + 2 or 3 if (SREG(s) = 1) then PCPC+k + 1 if (SREG(s) = 0) then PCPC+k + 1 if (Z = 1) then PC PC + k + 1 if (Z = 0) then PC PC + k + 1 if (C = 1) then PC PC + k + 1 if (C = 0) then PC PC + k + 1 if (C = 0) then PC PC + k + 1 if (C = 1) then PC PC + k + 1 if (N = 1) then PC PC + k + 1 if (N = 0) then PC PC + k + 1 if (N V= 0) then PC PC + k + 1 if (N V= 1) then PC PC + k + 1 if (H = 1) then PC PC + k + 1 if (H = 0) then PC PC + k + 1 if (T = 1) then PC PC + k + 1 if (T = 0) then PC PC + k + 1 if (V = 1) then PC PC + k + 1 if (V = 0) then PC PC + k + 1 R1:R0 (Rd x Rr) << BRANCH INSTRUCTIONS 11 2545DS-AVR-07/04 Mnemonics BRIE BRID SBI CBI LSL LSR ROL ROR ASR SWAP BSET BCLR BST BLD SEC CLC SEN CLN SEZ CLZ SEI CLI SES CLS SEV CLV SET CLT SEH CLH k k Operands Description Branch if Interrupt Enabled Branch if Interrupt Disabled Set Bit in I/O Register Clear Bit in I/O Register Logical Shift Left Logical Shift Right Rotate Left Through Carry Rotate Right Through Carry Arithmetic Shift Right Swap Nibbles Flag Set Flag Clear Bit Store from Register to T Bit load from T to Register Set Carry Clear Carry Set Negative Flag Clear Negative Flag Set Zero Flag Clear Zero Flag Global Interrupt Enable Global Interrupt Disable Set Signed Test Flag Clear Signed Test Flag Set Twos Complement Overflow. Clear Twos Complement Overflow Set T in SREG Clear T in SREG Set Half Carry Flag in SREG Clear Half Carry Flag in SREG Operation if ( I = 1) then PC PC + k + 1 if ( I = 0) then PC PC + k + 1 I/O(P,b) 1 I/O(P,b) 0 Rd(n+1) Rd(n), Rd(0) 0 Rd(n) Rd(n+1), Rd(7) 0 Rd(0)C,Rd(n+1) Rd(n),CRd(7) Rd(7)C,Rd(n) Rd(n+1),CRd(0) Rd(n) Rd(n+1), n=0..6 Rd(3..0)Rd(7..4),Rd(7..4)Rd(3..0) SREG(s) 1 SREG(s) 0 T Rr(b) Rd(b) T C1 C0 N1 N0 Z1 Z0 I1 I0 S1 S0 V1 V0 T1 T0 H1 H0 Rd Rr Rd+1:Rd Rr+1:Rr Rd K Rd (X) Rd (X), X X + 1 X X - 1, Rd (X) Rd (Y) Rd (Y), Y Y + 1 Y Y - 1, Rd (Y) Rd (Y + q) Rd (Z) Rd (Z), Z Z+1 Z Z - 1, Rd (Z) Rd (Z + q) Rd (k) (X) Rr (X) Rr, X X + 1 X X - 1, (X) Rr (Y) Rr (Y) Rr, Y Y + 1 Y Y - 1, (Y) Rr (Y + q) Rr (Z) Rr (Z) Rr, Z Z + 1 Z Z - 1, (Z) Rr (Z + q) Rr (k) Rr R0 (Z) Rd (Z) Rd (Z), Z Z+1 (Z) R1:R0 Rd P P Rr STACK Rr Flags None None None None Z,C,N,V Z,C,N,V Z,C,N,V Z,C,N,V Z,C,N,V None SREG(s) SREG(s) T None C C N N Z Z I I S S V V T T H H None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None #Clocks 1/2 1/2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 2 BIT AND BIT-TEST INSTRUCTIONS P,b P,b Rd Rd Rd Rd Rd Rd s s Rr, b Rd, b DATA TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS MOV MOVW LDI LD LD LD LD LD LD LDD LD LD LD LDD LDS ST ST ST ST ST ST STD ST ST ST STD STS LPM LPM LPM SPM IN OUT PUSH Rd, P P, Rr Rr Rd, Z Rd, Z+ Rd, Rr Rd, Rr Rd, K Rd, X Rd, X+ Rd, - X Rd, Y Rd, Y+ Rd, - Y Rd,Y+q Rd, Z Rd, Z+ Rd, -Z Rd, Z+q Rd, k X, Rr X+, Rr - X, Rr Y, Rr Y+, Rr - Y, Rr Y+q,Rr Z, Rr Z+, Rr -Z, Rr Z+q,Rr k, Rr Move Between Registers Copy Register Word Load Immediate Load Indirect Load Indirect and Post-Inc. Load Indirect and Pre-Dec. Load Indirect Load Indirect and Post-Inc. Load Indirect and Pre-Dec. Load Indirect with Displacement Load Indirect Load Indirect and Post-Inc. Load Indirect and Pre-Dec. Load Indirect with Displacement Load Direct from SRAM Store Indirect Store Indirect and Post-Inc. Store Indirect and Pre-Dec. Store Indirect Store Indirect and Post-Inc. Store Indirect and Pre-Dec. Store Indirect with Displacement Store Indirect Store Indirect and Post-Inc. Store Indirect and Pre-Dec. Store Indirect with Displacement Store Direct to SRAM Load Program Memory Load Program Memory Load Program Memory and Post-Inc Store Program Memory In Port Out Port Push Register on Stack 12 ATmega48/88/168 2545DS-AVR-07/04 ATmega48/88/168 Mnemonics POP NOP SLEEP WDR BREAK Operands Rd Description Pop Register from Stack No Operation Sleep Watchdog Reset Break Rd STACK Operation Flags None None #Clocks 2 1 1 1 N/A MCU CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS (see specific descr. for Sleep function) (see specific descr. for WDR/timer) For On-chip Debug Only None None None Note: 1. These instructions are only available in ATmega168. 13 2545DS-AVR-07/04 Ordering Information ATmega48 Speed (MHz) Power Supply Ordering Code ATmega48V-10AI ATmega48V-10PI ATmega48V-10MI ATmega48V-10AJ(2) ATmega48V-10PJ(2) ATmega48V-10MJ(2) ATMEGA48-20AI ATmega48-20PI ATmega48-20MI ATmega48-20AJ(2) ATmega48-20PJ(2) ATmega48-20MJ(2) Package 32A 28P3 32M1-A 32A 28P3 32M1-A 32A 28P3 32M1-A 32A 28P3 32M1-A Operation Range 10(3) 1.8 - 5.5 Industrial (-40C to 85C) 20(3) 2.7 - 5.5 Industrial (-40C to 85C) Note: 1. This device can also be supplied in wafer form. Please contact your local Atmel sales office for detailed ordering information and minimum quantities. 2. Pb-free packaging alternative 3. See Figure 131 on page 293 and Figure 132 on page 293. Package Type 32A 28P3 32M1-A 32-lead, Thin (1.0 mm) Plastic Quad Flat Package (TQFP) 28-lead, 0.300" Wide, Plastic Dual Inline Package (PDIP) 32-pad, 5 x 5 x 1.0 body, Lead Pitch 0.50 mm Micro Lead Frame Package (MLF) 14 ATmega48/88/168 2545DS-AVR-07/04 ATmega48/88/168 ATmega88 Speed (MHz) Power Supply Ordering Code ATmega88V-10AI ATmega88V-10PI ATmega88V-10MI ATmega88V-10AJ(2) ATmega88V-10PJ(2) ATmega88V-10MJ(2) ATmega88-20AI ATmega88-20PI ATmega88-20MI ATmega88-20AJ(2) ATmega88-20PJ(2) ATmega88-20MJ(2) Package 32A 28P3 32M1-A 32A 28P3 32M1-A 32A 28P3 32M1-A 32A 28P3 32M1-A Operation Range 10(3) 1.8 - 5.5 Industrial (-40C to 85C) 20(3) 2.7 - 5.5 Industrial (-40C to 85C) Note: 1. This device can also be supplied in wafer form. Please contact your local Atmel sales office for detailed ordering information and minimum quantities. 2. Pb-free packaging alternative 3. See Figure 131 on page 293 and Figure 132 on page 293. Package Type 32A 28P3 32M1-A 32-lead, Thin (1.0 mm) Plastic Quad Flat Package (TQFP) 28-lead, 0.300" Wide, Plastic Dual Inline Package (PDIP) 32-pad, 5 x 5 x 1.0 body, Lead Pitch 0.50 mm Micro Lead Frame Package (MLF) 15 2545DS-AVR-07/04 ATmega168 Speed (MHz) Power Supply Ordering Code ATmega168V-10AI ATmega168V-10PI ATmega168V-10MI ATmega168V-10AJ(2) ATmega168V-10PJ(2) ATmega168V-10MJ(2) ATmega168-20AI ATmega168-20PI ATmega168-20MI ATmega168-20AJ(2) ATmega168-20PJ(2) ATmega168-20MJ(2) Package 32A 28P3 32M1-A 32A 28P3 32M1-A 32A 28P3 32M1-A 32A 28P3 32M1-A Operation Range 10(3) 1.8 - 5.5 Industrial (-40C to 85C) 20(3) 2.7 - 5.5 Industrial (-40C to 85C) Note: 1. This device can also be supplied in wafer form. Please contact your local Atmel sales office for detailed ordering information and minimum quantities. 2. Pb-free packaging alternative 3. See Figure 131 on page 293 and Figure 132 on page 293. Package Type 32A 28P3 32M1-A 32-lead, Thin (1.0 mm) Plastic Quad Flat Package (TQFP) 28-lead, 0.300" Wide, Plastic Dual Inline Package (PDIP) 32-pad, 5 x 5 x 1.0 body, Lead Pitch 0.50 mm Micro Lead Frame Package (MLF) 16 ATmega48/88/168 2545DS-AVR-07/04 ATmega48/88/168 Packaging Information 32A PIN 1 B PIN 1 IDENTIFIER e E1 E D1 D C 0~7 A1 L COMMON DIMENSIONS (Unit of Measure = mm) SYMBOL A A1 A2 D D1 E MIN - 0.05 0.95 8.75 6.90 8.75 6.90 0.30 0.09 0.45 NOM - - 1.00 9.00 7.00 9.00 7.00 - - - 0.80 TYP MAX 1.20 0.15 1.05 9.25 7.10 9.25 7.10 0.45 0.20 0.75 Note 2 Note 2 NOTE A2 A Notes: 1. This package conforms to JEDEC reference MS-026, Variation ABA. 2. Dimensions D1 and E1 do not include mold protrusion. Allowable protrusion is 0.25 mm per side. Dimensions D1 and E1 are maximum plastic body size dimensions including mold mismatch. 3. Lead coplanarity is 0.10 mm maximum. E1 B C L e 10/5/2001 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131 TITLE 32A, 32-lead, 7 x 7 mm Body Size, 1.0 mm Body Thickness, 0.8 mm Lead Pitch, Thin Profile Plastic Quad Flat Package (TQFP) DRAWING NO. 32A REV. B R 17 2545DS-AVR-07/04 28P3 D PIN 1 E1 A SEATING PLANE L B1 e E B B2 A1 (4 PLACES) C eB 0 ~ 15 REF SYMBOL A A1 D E E1 B COMMON DIMENSIONS (Unit of Measure = mm) MIN - 0.508 34.544 7.620 7.112 0.381 1.143 0.762 3.175 0.203 - NOM - - - - - - - - - - - MAX 4.5724 - 34.798 8.255 7.493 0.533 1.397 1.143 3.429 0.356 10.160 Note 1 Note 1 NOTE Note: 1. Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold Flash or Protrusion. Mold Flash or Protrusion shall not exceed 0.25 mm (0.010"). B1 B2 L C eB e 2.540 TYP 09/28/01 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131 TITLE 28P3, 28-lead (0.300"/7.62 mm Wide) Plastic Dual Inline Package (PDIP) DRAWING NO. 28P3 REV. B R 18 ATmega48/88/168 2545DS-AVR-07/04 ATmega48/88/168 32M1-A D D1 1 2 3 0 Pin 1 ID E1 E SIDE VIEW TOP VIEW A2 A3 A1 A 0.08 C P D2 Pin 1 ID COMMON DIMENSIONS (Unit of Measure = mm) SYMBOL MIN 0.80 - - NOM 0.90 0.02 0.65 0.20 REF 0.18 0.23 5.00 BSC 4.75 BSC 2.95 3.10 5.00 BSC 4.75BSC 2.95 3.10 0.50 BSC 0.30 - - 0.40 - - 0.50 0.60 12o 3.25 3.25 0.30 MAX 1.00 0.05 1.00 NOTE 1 2 3 P A A1 E2 A2 A3 b D D1 b e L D2 E BOTTOM VIEW E1 E2 e L Notes: 1. JEDEC Standard MO-220, Fig. 2 (Anvil Singulation), VHHD-2. P 0 01/15/03 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131 TITLE 32M1-A, 32-pad, 5 x 5 x 1.0 mm Body, Lead Pitch 0.50 mm Micro Lead Frame Package (MLF) DRAWING NO. 32M1-A REV. C R 19 2545DS-AVR-07/04 Errata ATmega48 Rev A The revision letter in this section refers to the revision of the ATmega48 device. * * * * * Wrong values read after Erase Only operation Watchdog Timer Interrupt disabled Start-up time with Crystal Oscillator is higher than expected High Power Consumption in Power-down with External Clock Asynchronous Oscillator does not stop in Power-down 1. Wrong values read after Erase Only operation At supply voltages below 2.7 V, an EEPROM location that is erased by the Erase Only operation may read as programmed (0x00). Problem Fix/Workaround If it is necessary to read an EEPROM location after Erase Only, use an Atomic Write operation with 0xFF as data in order to erase a location. In any case, the Write Only operation can be used as intended. Thus no special considerations are needed as long as the erased location is not read before it is programmed. 2. Watchdog Timer Interrupt disabled If the watchdog timer interrupt flag is not cleared before a new timeout occurs, the watchdog will be disabled, and the interrupt flag will automatically be cleared. This is only applicable in interrupt only mode. If the Watchdog is configured to reset the device in the watchdog time-out following an interrupt, the device works correctly. Problem fix / Workaround Make sure there is enough time to always service the first timeout event before a new watchdog timeout occurs. This is done by selecting a long enough time-out period. 3. Start-up time with Crystal Oscillator is higher than expected The clock counting part of the start-up time is about 2 times higher than expected for all start-up periods when running on an external Crystal. This applies only when waking up by reset. Wake-up from power down is not affected. For most settings, the clock counting parts is a small fraction of the overall start-up time, and thus, the problem can be ignored. The exception is when using a very low frequency crystal like for instance a 32 kHz clock crystal. Problem fix / Workaround No known workaround. 4. High Power Consumption in Power-down with External Clock The power consumption in power down with an active external clock is about 10 times higher than when using internal RC or external oscillators. Problem fix / Workaround Stop the external clock when the device is in power down. 5. Asynchronous Oscillator does not stop in Power-down The Asynchronous oscillator does not stop when entering power down mode. This leads to higher power consumption than expected. Problem fix / Workaround Manually disable the asynchronous timer before entering power down. 20 ATmega48/88/168 2545DS-AVR-07/04 ATmega48/88/168 Errata ATmega88 Rev. A The revision letter in this section refers to the revision of the ATmega88 device. * Writing to EEPROM does not work at low Operating Voltages * Part may hang in reset 1. Writing to EEPROM does not work at low operating voltages Writing to the EEPROM does not work at low voltages. Problem Fix/Workaround Do not write the EEPROM at voltages below 4.5 Volts. This will be corrected in rev. B. 2. Part may hang in reset Some parts may get stuck in a reset state when a reset signal is applied when the internal reset state-machine is in a specific state. The internal reset state-machine is in this state for approximately 10 ns immediately before the part wakes up after a reset, and in a 10 ns window when altering the system clock prescaler. The problem is most often seen during In-System Programming of the device. There are theoretical possibilities of this happening also in run-mode. The following three cases can trigger the device to get stuck in a reset-state: - Two succeeding resets are applied where the second reset occurs in the 10ns window before the device is out of the reset-state caused by the first reset. - A reset is applied in a 10 ns window while the system clock prescaler value is updated by software. - Leaving SPI-programming mode generates an internal reset signal that can trigger this case. The two first cases can occur during normal operating mode, while the last case occurs only during programming of the device. Problem Fix/Workaround The first case can be avoided during run-mode by ensuring that only one reset source is active. If an external reset push button is used, the reset start-up time should be selected such that the reset line is fully debounced during the start-up time. The second case can be avoided by not using the system clock prescaler. The third case occurs during In-System programming only. It is most frequently seen when using the internal RC at maximum frequency. If the device gets stuck in the reset-state, turn power off, then on again to get the device out of this state. 21 2545DS-AVR-07/04 Errata ATmega168 Rev A The revision letter in this section refers to the revision of the ATmega168 device. * Wrong values read after Erase Only operation * Part may hang in reset 1. Wrong values read after Erase Only operation At supply voltages below 2.7 V, an EEPROM location that is erased by the Erase Only operation may read as programmed (0x00). Problem Fix/Workaround If it is necessary to read an EEPROM location after Erase Only, use an Atomic Write operation with 0xFF as data in order to erase a location. In any case, the Write Only operation can be used as intended. Thus no special considerations are needed as long as the erased location is not read before it is programmed. 2. Part may hang in reset Some parts may get stuck in a reset state when a reset signal is applied when the internal reset state-machine is in a specific state. The internal reset state-machine is in this state for approximately 10 ns immediately before the part wakes up after a reset, and in a 10 ns window when altering the system clock prescaler. The problem is most often seen during In-System Programming of the device. There are theoretical possibilities of this happening also in run-mode. The following three cases can trigger the device to get stuck in a reset-state: - Two succeeding resets are applied where the second reset occurs in the 10ns window before the device is out of the reset-state caused by the first reset. - A reset is applied in a 10 ns window while the system clock prescaler value is updated by software. - Leaving SPI-programming mode generates an internal reset signal that can trigger this case. The two first cases can occur during normal operating mode, while the last case occurs only during programming of the device. Problem Fix/Workaround The first case can be avoided during run-mode by ensuring that only one reset source is active. If an external reset push button is used, the reset start-up time should be selected such that the reset line is fully debounced during the start-up time. The second case can be avoided by not using the system clock prescaler. The third case occurs during In-System programming only. It is most frequently seen when using the internal RC at maximum frequency. If the device gets stuck in the reset-state, turn power off, then on again to get the device out of this state. 22 ATmega48/88/168 2545DS-AVR-07/04 ATmega48/88/168 Datasheet Change Log Changes from Rev. 2545C-04/04 to Rev. 2545D-07/04 Please note that the referring page numbers in this section are referred to this document. The referring revision in this section are referring to the document revision. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Updated instructions used with WDTCSR in relevant code examples. Updated Table 8 on page 28, Table 21 on page 43, Table 112 on page 269, Table 114 on page 269, and Table 131 on page 288. Updated "System Clock Prescaler" on page 33. Moved "Timer/Counter2 Interrupt Mask Register - TIMSK2" and "Timer/Counter2 Interrupt Flag Register - TIFR2" to "8-bit Timer/Counter Register Description" on page 143. Updated cross-reference in "Electrical Interconnection" on page 199. Updated equation in "Bit Rate Generator Unit" on page 204. Added "Page Size" on page 274. Updated "Serial Programming Algorithm" on page 287. Updated "Ordering Information" for "ATmega168" on page 16 Updated "Errata ATmega88" on page 21 and "Errata ATmega168" on page 22. Changes from Rev. 2545B-01/04 to Rev. 2545C-04/04 1. 2. 3. 4. Speed Grades changed: - 12MHz to 10MHz - 24MHz to 20MHz Updated "Maximum Speed vs. VCC" on page 293. Updated "Ordering Information" on page 14. Updated "Errata ATmega88" on page 21. Changes from Rev. 2545A-09/03 to Rev. 2545B-01/04 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Added PDIP to "I/O and Packages", updated "Speed Grade" and Power Consumption Estimates in "Features" on page 1. Updated "Stack Pointer" on page 11 with RAMEND as recommended Stack Pointer value. Added section "Power Reduction Register" on page 37 and a note regarding the use of the PRR bits to 2-wire, Timer/Counters, USART, Analog Comparator and ADC sections. Updated "Watchdog Timer" on page 46. Updated Figure 55 on page 125 and Table 56 on page 126. Extra Compare Match Interrupt OCF2B added to features in section "8bit Timer/Counter2 with PWM and Asynchronous Operation" on page 132 Updated Table 19 on page 37, Table 102 on page 245, Table 118 to Table 121 on page 272 to 273 and Table 98 on page 236. Added note 2 to Table 115 on page 270. Fixed typo in Table 42 on page 81. Updated whole "ATmega48/88/168 Typical Characteristics - Preliminary Data" on page 298. Added item 2 to 5 in "Errata ATmega48" on page 20. 23 2545DS-AVR-07/04 10. 11. 12. Renamed the following bits: - SPMEN to SELFPRGEN - PSR2 to PSRASY - PSR10 to PSRSYNC - Watchdog Reset to Watchdog System Reset Updated C code examples containing old IAR syntax. Updated BLBSET description in "Store Program Memory Control and Status Register - SPMCSR" on page 260. 24 ATmega48/88/168 2545DS-AVR-07/04 Atmel Corporation 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 487-2600 Atmel Operations Memory 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 436-4314 RF/Automotive Theresienstrasse 2 Postfach 3535 74025 Heilbronn, Germany Tel: (49) 71-31-67-0 Fax: (49) 71-31-67-2340 1150 East Cheyenne Mtn. Blvd. Colorado Springs, CO 80906, USA Tel: 1(719) 576-3300 Fax: 1(719) 540-1759 Regional Headquarters Europe Atmel Sarl Route des Arsenaux 41 Case Postale 80 CH-1705 Fribourg Switzerland Tel: (41) 26-426-5555 Fax: (41) 26-426-5500 Microcontrollers 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 436-4314 La Chantrerie BP 70602 44306 Nantes Cedex 3, France Tel: (33) 2-40-18-18-18 Fax: (33) 2-40-18-19-60 Biometrics/Imaging/Hi-Rel MPU/ High Speed Converters/RF Datacom Avenue de Rochepleine BP 123 38521 Saint-Egreve Cedex, France Tel: (33) 4-76-58-30-00 Fax: (33) 4-76-58-34-80 Asia Room 1219 Chinachem Golden Plaza 77 Mody Road Tsimshatsui East Kowloon Hong Kong Tel: (852) 2721-9778 Fax: (852) 2722-1369 ASIC/ASSP/Smart Cards Zone Industrielle 13106 Rousset Cedex, France Tel: (33) 4-42-53-60-00 Fax: (33) 4-42-53-60-01 1150 East Cheyenne Mtn. Blvd. Colorado Springs, CO 80906, USA Tel: 1(719) 576-3300 Fax: 1(719) 540-1759 Scottish Enterprise Technology Park Maxwell Building East Kilbride G75 0QR, Scotland Tel: (44) 1355-803-000 Fax: (44) 1355-242-743 Japan 9F, Tonetsu Shinkawa Bldg. 1-24-8 Shinkawa Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033 Japan Tel: (81) 3-3523-3551 Fax: (81) 3-3523-7581 Literature Requests www.atmel.com/literature Disclaimer: Atmel Corporation makes no warranty for the use of its products, other than those expressly contained in the Company's standard warranty which is detailed in Atmel's Terms and Conditions located on the Company's web site. The Company assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear in this document, reserves the right to change devices or specifications detailed herein at any time without notice, and does not make any commitment to update the information contained herein. No licenses to patents or other intellectual property of Atmel are granted by the Company in connection with the sale of Atmel products, expressly or by implication. Atmel's products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems. (c) Atmel Corporation 2004. All rights reserved. Atmel (R) and combinations thereof, AVR(R), and AVR Studio (R) are the registered trademarks of Atmel Corporation or its subsidiaries. Microsoft (R), Windows(R), Windows NT (R), and Windows XP (R) are the registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Other terms and product names may be the trademarks of others Printed on recycled paper. 2545DS-AVR-07/04 |
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